Two-stroke explosion-engine fed with liquid fuel



E. H. TARTRAIS.

TWO-STROKE EXPLOSION ENGINE FED WITH LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 21. 1918.

1,354,786; I Patented Oct. 5,1920.

' 2 SHEETSSHEET I.

.9 1.9 P F J 20 10 11 19'] Anna/11211 mdmq E. H. TARTRAIS.

TWO-STROKE EXPLOSION ENGINE FED WITH LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, I918. Patented Oct. 5, 1920.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TWO-STROKE EXPLOSION-ENGINE FED WITH LIQUID FUEL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

.ratented Oct. 5, 1920.

Application filed November 21, 1918. Serial No. 263,583.

To all whom it "may concern:

Be it known that I, EUGENE HENRI TAR- TRAIS, citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 3 Rue de Mexico, Maisons-Laflltte, Seine and Oise, in the Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Two-Stroke Explosion-Engines Fed with Liquid Fuel, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object the provision of a two stroke explosion engine fed with liquid fuel and comprising special carburizing means characterized by the fact that the forms adopted, and thereafter described, of the piston and cylinder are, at the same time, suitable for obtaining said carburization and the special distribution called by sweeping characteristic of thetwo stroke system.

On the annexed drawing which shows by way of example a construction'form of the apparatus making the suoject matter of the invention:

Figure 1 is a transverse section through the axis of the power cylinder, the piston being about to reach its upper dead point;

Fig. 2 is a partial similar section, the piston being to its lower dead point, sweeping position;

.Fig. 3 is a section at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, said section being made half through the outlet openings and half through the inlet openings;

Fig. 1 is a detail section on an enlarged scale made through line AA of Fig. 1.

The engine shown in the example being vertical, type steam hammer, the expressions upper and lower are synonyms of inner and outer. The same remark applies o the like expressions thereafter used.

The following summary explains the drawing:

1 cyl1nder,2 piston,-3 outlet ports,- 1 outlet collector,5 outlet pipe,6 inlet air ysrts,7 inlet air collector,-8 inlet air pipe,9 cylindrical extension forming defiector at the piston center,10 central cylindrical passage connecting the cylinder to the combustion chamber,-11 combustion chamber,P atomizer, 13 ignition plug,- 14: water circulation. The atomizer for injected liquid fuel will preferably be of the type shown in detail on Fig. 1, which is full described in my co ending application for etters Patent filed ovember 21, 1918, Serial Number 263581, It comprises a valve body a to be secured onto the engine, a knife shaped valve seat '1) formed by the Inner edge of the valve body, a valve 0 with a flat bearin surface having a thinned or sharpened e ge 0 a valve rod cl disposed for fitting without play into the valve body and provided with grooves (Z for allowing the liquid to pass, a return spring 6, a joint connecting the valve body to the pipe 9 carrying the liquid injected at the proper time by a fuel pump of any known type, a filter f for the liquid and a chamber 9 surrounding the valve body together with an inlet pipe 9 and an outlet pipe 9 for providing a cooling circulation around the valve body.

The working of the engine is as follows:

lVhen the piston is about to reach the end of its expansion or desceI. lng stroke, somewhat before the position hown in Fig. 2, the ports 3 become uncovered and a part of the burned gases escapes to the atmosphere or in a receptacle ad hoc. Then, the piston continuing its stroke, the ports 6 become uncovered, in turn, and the sweeping air, coming from a pump not shown, comes in then in radial converging veins, guided by the preferably incurved form of the head of the piston and the deflector 9, soon transforming themselves into a central ascending column 15, Fig. 2, which impinges and spreads against the head of the cylinder and descends afterward into an annular concentric column 16 sweeping in front of it, during the whole of that course, the residual gases remaining into the cylinder which escape through ports 3. The arrows on Fig. 2 show this movement.

It is to be remarked here that the sweeping pump, which may be of any system, could be coupled with the power cylinder to form a tandem group, as that is well known.

The sweeping operation takes end upon the successive closing of ports 6 and of ports 3 by the return stroke of the piston and then compression of air commences.

When the piston reaches the position shown on Fig. 1, it will be seen that the deflector 9, performing now a new function, that of throttle shutter, is to enter passage 10. It is not exactly fittedin said passage, but, on the contrary, it leaves an annular passage 17 through which the air over compressed into the space 18, (Fig. 1), now formed between the head of the piston and the head of the cylinder, can violently escape and pass into the combustion chamber 11. It enters said chamber under the form of eddies following the direction of arrows 19. During this time, the atomizer projects in the direction of arrows 20 liquid fuel which is equally spread in all directions about the axis of said atomizer. Said fuel becomes kept by the aforesaid eddies and its mixing is suitably effected.

At this moment, the engine having substantially reached its upper dead point, (space 18 being practically reduced to zero) the firing takes place, either through the ignition plug 13 or automatically through the compression heat or that of the walls of the chamber 11, preferably not cooled;'

chamber 18 to the combustion chamber 11 as shown by the arrows 19, as already explained. A thick edge might give rise to a dead or quiet space in which the combustible liquid might stay for a while at least when the engine is not yet quite hot.

It has been said that the ignition on starting is obtained by means of any suitable igniter. The construction shown has for its effect to render the working of said igniter easier since it will be seen'that the fuel projected in the direction of the arrows 20 reaches directly the igniter as at that time, the speed of the engine being low, the action of the whirling air is not very efiicient. This is however only of advantage when starting is effected with a non volatile fuel.

It is to be remarked that the invention could be carried into practice by means of an engine comprising any number or arran ement of cylinders.

aving now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to, secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A two stroke cycle explosion engine fed with liquid fuel comprising, in combination;

a cylinder, means for cooling said cylinder, two series of ports disposed around the circumference of the cylinder, some of them uncovered by the piston, in first place, during its expansion stroke, serving for the escape of burned gases, the others uncovered later serving for the inlet of compressed air, an uncooled combustion or explosion chamber placed outside the cylinder adjacent its other end and having substantially the shape of a tore coaxial with the cylinder, there being a cylindrical passage'in the center of the cylinder head opening axially into the combustion chamber,a liquld fuel distributer atomizer extending axially into the combustion chamber and adapted to uniformly distribute the atomized fuel in radial directions about its axis somewhat before firing,-a piston working in the cylinder,- a cylindrical central extension of the piston head, provided for loose'engagement, at the end of the compression stroke, into the passage in the cylinder head in order to be able to properly guide the air at one of the ends of the piston stroke and cause the air to enter the combustion chamber violently and whirl radially along the wall of said chamber at the other end of said piston stroke, and an igniter substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

2. two stroke cycle explosion engine fed with liquid fuel comprising, in combination: a cylinder, means for cooling said 0 t e circumference of the cylinder, some of them uncovered by the piston, in the first place, during its expasion stroke serving for the escape of burned gases, the others uncovered later serving for the inlet of compressed air, an uncooled combustion or explosion chamber placed outside the cyllnder adjacent its other end, and havin sub; stantially the shape of a tore, coaxia with the cylinder, said tore shaped chamber having a sharp inner edge, there being a cylindrlcal passage in the center of the cylinder head opening axially into the combustion chamber,a li uid fuel distributer atomizer extending axial y into the combustion chamber and adapted to uniformly distribute the atomized fuel in radial directions about its axis somewhat before firing,a piston working in the cylinder,a cylindrical central extension on the piston head, provided for loose engagement at the end of the com-,

- pression stroke into the passage of the cylinder head in order to be guide the air at one of the stroke and cause the air to enter the combustion chamber violently and whirl radially along the wall of said chamber at the other end of said piston stroke, and an igniter, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

3. A two stroke cycle explosion engine fed with li uid fuel comprising, in combination: a cylinder with a cooling jacket, two series of ports disposed around the circumference of the cylinder, some of them uncovered by the piston, in the first place, during its expansion stroke, serving for the escape of burned gases, the others uncovered later serving for the inlet of compressed air, an uncooled combustion or explosion chamber having substantially the form of a tore, disposed outside the cylinder adjacent its other end, symmetrically with reable to properly ends of the piston Iylinder, two series of ports disposed around 1 of compressed air,

the combustion chamber, said atomizer em:

bodying a valve, the head of which presents a flat bearing surface with a sharp edge resting against a knife at the atomizer exit at right angles to the liquid jet in order that said liquid may be radially distributed all around the explosion chamber, an ignition plug, a piston working in the cylinder, a cylindrical central extension on the piston head provided. for loose engagement, at the end of the compression stroke, into the passage of the cylinder head in order to be able to properly guide the air at one of the ends of the piston stroke and cause the air to enter the combustion chamber violently, at the other end of said piston stroke and whirl radially along the wall of said chamber, substantially as specified.

4. A two stroke cycleexplosion engine fed with liquid fuel comprising, in combination: a cylinder with a cooling jacket, two series of ports ence of said cylinder adjacent one of its ends, some of them uncovered by the piston, in first place, during its expansion stroke, serving for the escape of burned gases, the others uncovered later serving for the inlet an uncooled combustion or explosion chamber hav ng substantially shaped seat, placed disposed around the circumferthe form of a tore disposed outside the cylinder, adjacent its other end symmetrically with respect to the axis of said cylinder, said tore shaped chamber having a sharp inner edge, there being a cylindrical passage in the center of the cylinder head opening axially into the combustion chamber,-a liquid fuel distributor tending axially into the combustion chamber in line with the passage provided in the Cylinder head and adapted to uniformly distribute the atomized fuel in all directions about its axis in a substantially plane film passing above the sharp inner edge of the tore shaped chamber, an ignition plug placed in the peripheral part of the combustion chamber so that the incandescent part of said ignition plug may be reached directly by the atomized fuel projected by the distributer,a piston Working in the cylinder,a cylindrical central extension on the piston head vdisposed for loose engagement, at the end of the compression stroke,

into the passage in'the cylinder head in order to be able to properly guide the air at one of the ends of the piston stroke and cause the air to enter the combustion chamber violently, at the other end of said piston stroke and whirl radially alon the wall of said chamber, substantially as escribed and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

' EUGENE HENRI TARTRAIS.

atomizer ex-- 

